Temperate Agroforestry: Adaptive and Mitigative Roles in A Changing Physical and Socio-Economic Climate

Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial Conference o­n Agroforestry in North America, and the Sixth Annual Conference of the Plains and Prairie Forestry Association

August 12 -15, 2001, Regina, Sask., Canada

William Schroeder and John Kort, Editors

Table of Contents

CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE 

KEYNOTE ADDRESSES

Agroforestry as a Carbon Sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
R. Neil Sampson

Poplar as a Crop - It's Place in a Changing Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Brydon Ward

Shelterbelts: Their Place in a Changing Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Bruce C. Wight

Agroforestry Research and Development in North America: Environmental Benefits and Potentials . . . . 25
Andrew M. Gordon and Naresh V. Thevathasan

CONCURRENT SESSIONS

Greenhouse Gases

The Carbon Sequestration Potential of Prairie Shelterbelts and Their Contribution to a National
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . 27
Bob Tumock

Above and Below-Ground Biomass Production by Two-Year-Old Poplar Clones o­n Floodplain
Sites in the Lower Midwest, U.S.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
S. G. Pallardy, D.E. Gibbins and J.L. Rhoads

Impacts of Drought o­n Growth and Regeneration of Conifers o­n the Canadian Prairies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
E. H. (Ted) Hogg

Response of Trembling Aspen and Hybrid Poplar to C02 Enrichment in the Greenhouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52   
Kendall A. Tupker, S. Ellen Macdonald and Barb R. Thomas

Strategies for Improved Establishment of Conifers o­n Marginal Lands o­n the Canadian Prairies . . . . . . 68
P.A. (Rick) Hurdle, Dan Maclsaac and Graham Hillman

Biomass and Taper Equations for Hybrid Poplar Growing in SRIC Plantations and Estimates 
of C Contained in Above ground Biomass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
L. M. Zabek, C. E. Prescott and C. van Oosten

Understanding the Role of Risk Perception and Attitudes in Climate Change Policy-Making . . . . . . . . . . 70
Adam Wellstead

Socio-Economic Issues

Adapting Agroforestry Extension Programs to the Area: A Survey of Central Minnesota Farmer
and Extension Educators  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Michael Demchik

Extent and Geographic Location of Agroforestry Throughout the US - an RC&D Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Richard Straight

Agroforestry in the Southeastern United States: Current Practices and Potential for Development . . . . . 81 
Sarah W Workman, Michael E. Bannister and P. K. R. Nair

Economic Differences Between Agriculture and Agroforestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 
Larry D. Godsey

Overview of Agroforestry Practices in Central Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Wayne A. Geyer, Francis Dube and Laercio Couto

Evolution of an Agroforestry Program - The Road From Self-Interest to Common Ground . . . . . . . . . . . 107 
Shane Tornblom

Federal Support for Agroforestry Research: The USDA Cooperative State Research, Education
and Extension Service's Share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Catalino A. Blanche and Larry Biles

Silvopasture Systems

Grazing Cattle in a Black Walnut Agroforestry System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
 Larry Harper

Tree-Pasture Species Interactions in a Silvopastoral Experiment in New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Donald J . Mead and Scott X. Chang

Forage Frost Protection Within Conifer Silvopastures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
C. M. Feldhake

Effect of Shade o­n Forage Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
M. B. Huck, M. S. Kerley, H. E. Garrett, R. L. McGraw, J. W Van Sambeek and ME Navarrete-Tindall

Grazing During the Establishment Period: Methods of Tree Protection and Impact of Grazing o­n
Tree and Animal Performance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
J.W Lehmkuhler, EED. Felton, D.A. Schmidt, K.J. Bader, A. Moore, M.B. Huck, H.E. Garret
and M. S. Kerley

Forage and Livestock Production From a Winter Annual Forage System in a Silvopastoral Setting . . . . 144 
R.L. Kallenbach, M .S. Kerley, G.J. Bishop-Hurley

Groundwater Nitrogen Dynamics in a Temperate Alley Cropping System With Pecan 
(Carya illinoensis) and Cotton (Gossypium sp.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Samuel C. Allen, Shibu Jose and P . K. R. Nair

Stacked Broiler Litter Impacts the Biological and Financial Productivity of Loblolly Pine
Silvopastures  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
Terry R. Clason

Ponderosa Pine Silvopasture: A Practical Environmental Safeguard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 
Doak Nickerson

Intercropping/Alleycropping

Development of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) as an Agroforestry Crop o­n the
Canadian Prairies  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
Pam Franklin, W R. (Bill) Schroeder and Sakti Jana

Economics of a Commercial Alley Cropping System in Central Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
F. Dube, WA. Geyer and L. Couto

Management Challenges of Temperate Alley Cropping Systems: Lessons from Southern U.S.A. . . . . . 158
  Craig Ramsey and Shibu Jose

Intensive Intercropping in Orchard Agriculture -An Extension Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
 Todd Leuty

Arthropod Dynamics in Monocropped and Black Walnut - Alley Cropping Forages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
W Terrell Stamps, Terry L. Woods and Marc J. Linit

Transforming Agroforestry Plantings to o­n-Farm Profit Centers Through Specialty Forest Product
Production .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Scott J. Josiah, David Lambe, Richard St. Pierre and Rachel Allison

Development of Juneberry as an Agroforestry Crop in North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
M. B. Jackson, J. A. Walla and H. M. Hatterman-Valenti

A Framework to Analyze Markets for Traditional and Nontraditional Midwestern Agroforestry
Products: The Case of Eastern Red Cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Michael A. Gold and Larry D. Godsey

Shelterbelts

Evaluation of the Break-Even Corn Yield Within the Leeward Protected Zone of a Windbreak . . . . . . . . 185
Robert K. Grala and Joe P. Colletti

Impact of Weed Management Intensity o­n Growth of Field Shelterbelts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . 199
Lyle Alspach and William Schroeder

Shelterbelts, Livestock Odor Mitigation, and Sustainable Agriculture: A Research Framework . . . . . . . 206
John Tyndall and Joe Colletti

Evaluation of Temperature Profiles Over Crop Canopies Protected by Shelterbelts and the
Response of Soybean Crops to Temperature Modifications (preliminary results) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
 G. C. Horvath, W Mize and W D. Batchelor

Progress o­n Modeling Crop Production Under Shelter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
 Carl Mize, W Batchelor, E. Takle, J. Brandle, M. Egeh and g. Horvath

Riparian Buffer Strips / Phytoremediation

Establishment of Riparian Forest Buffers o­n Agricultural Lands in the Oregon Coast Range
Beaver Creek Case Study  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223
Badege Bishaw, William Rogers and William Emmingham

Restoration of Hard Mast Species for Wildlife in Missouri Floodplains: Precocious Flowering
in Quercus  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
Benjamin C. Grossman, Michael A. Gold and Daniel C. Dey

Financial Agents, Water Quality and Riparian Forest Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Matthew J. Brewer and Joe P. Colletti

Riparian Buffers Control Water Pollution: Need We Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Michael G. Dosskey

Johnson Silvacycling Project - Establishment and Baseline Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Kevin teneycke

Riparian Forest Buffers in the Agroecosystem: A Decade of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Joe P. Colletti

Hybrid Poplar

Irrigating Poplars with Near-Surface Ground Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
H. Steppuhn, J. Kort and D. G. Smith

Application of DNA Markets for the Identification and Management of Hybrid Poplar Accessions . . . . . 276
Faouzi Bekkaoui, Bruce Mann and Bill Schroeder

Increasing Productivity of Hybrid Poplar Plantations in British Columbia Through Inorganic and Organic Fertilization - Operational Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282
  Cees van Oosten, Mike Van Ham and Lisa Zabek

Potential Pests of Poplar Plantations in Saskatchewan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Don Reynard

Nutrition and Fertilization Response of T x D Hybrid Poplar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
L. M. Zabek and C. E. Prescott

Clonal Evaluation of Hybrid Poplar o­n the Canadian Prairies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
D. S. (Dan) Walker and W R. (Bill) Schroeder

Investigating Cottonwood Biomass Production Clones for Insect Pests in a Missouri Floodplain . . . . . . 308
Allen J. Niedermann, W Terrell Stamps and Marc J. Linit

Extensive Management of Hybrid Poplar o­n Coastal Flood Plains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Dan Carson

POSTER PRESENTATION  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

FIELD TOUR SUMMARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330

PLANT MATERIAL TOUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341

PARTICIPANTS LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346