Exploring the Opportunities for Agroforestry in Changing Rural Landscapes

Proceedings: Fifth North American Agroforestry Conference
August 3-6, 1997, Ithaca, NY

EDITORS: Louise E. Buck and James P. Lassoie

INTRODUCTION
Welcoming Remarks
James P. Lassoie, Professor and Chair, Department of Natural Resources

U.S. Rep. Maurice D. Hinchey , 26th Congressional District, New York

Keynote Addresses
Agroforestry, Get Real! 
Fee Busby

A USDA and Production Agriculture Perspective o­n Agroforestry 
Robert L. Myers

Practitioners' Remarks
A Lifetime of Learning 
Andrew Dixon

Values of my Forest Farm 
Henry S. Kernan

SESSION 1: INSTITUTIONAL POTENTIAL AND DEVELOPMENT
Institutional Developments

Domestic Agroforestry in the United States: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going? 
James Lassoie and Louise Buck

State Agroforestry Legislation 
Agus L Rahmadi and William B. Kurtz

The Dynamic Emergence of Agroforestry Opportunities in Minnesota 
Scott J. Josiah

Institutional Incentives

Economic and Environmental Benefits of Agroforestry in Food and Fuelwood Production
David Pimentel and Aaron Wightman

Poplar Agroforestry Development in "Temperate" Asia 
S. M. Newman

A Comparison of Tree Tenure and Forest and Land Legislation in Cameroon and in the United States: their implications to agroforestry 
S. M. Olson

Communication and Adoption

Expanding NGO Program Outreach for Large-Scale Agroforestry Adoption 
Scott J. Josiah

Land-Use Decisions o­n Minnesota Farms: Developing a Better Understanding of Contributing Factors 
Jan Joannides

Whitethorne Agroforestry Project: Agroforestry Systems for the Appalachian Region 
Eric Bendfeldt, James Burger, Charlie Feldhake, Mou Pu, James McKenna, and Andy Wilson

SESSION 2: AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES
Forest Farming

A Strawberry-Sugar Maple Agroforestry System 
Steven H. Enzennan and Jeffrey D. Weidenhamer

Farming Forest Mushrooms 
Deborah B. Hill

American Ginseng Cropping within Maple Forests as an Alternative Land-Use System 
L Nadeau, A. Olivier, R. R. Simard, J. Coulombe and S. Yelle

Forest Farming with Ginseng: A Study of Plant Ecology, Quality and Market Relations 
Louise E. Buck

Riparian Buffer Strips

Improving Soil and Water Quality with a Riparian Management System 
T. M. Isenhart, R. C. Schultz, C. A. Rodrigues, and W. W. Simpkins

Nutrient and Sediment Removal by Switchgrass and Cool-Season Grass Filter Strips 
K-H. Lee, T. M. Isenhart, R. C. Schultz, and S. K. Mickelson

Assessing Soil Quality in a Riparian Buffer Strip System by Testing Organic Matter Fractions 
C. 0. Marquez, C. A. Cambardella, T. M. Isenhart, and R. C. Schultz

Fine Root Dynamics, Coarse Root Biomass, Root Distribution and Soil Respiration in a Multispecies Riparian Buffer 
A. Tufekcioglu, J. W. Raich, T. M. Isenhart, and R. C. Schultz

Evaluation of Potential Economic Gains from Non-Timber Products in a Model Riparian Forest for the Chesapeake Bay Watershed 
Luisa Fernanda Robles-Diaz-de-Leon and Patrick Kangas

Alley Cropping and Silvopasture

Crop Production in an Alley Cropping Arrangement in the Great Plains, USA 
W. A. Geyer, W. J. Lamont, and C. E. Long

Comparison of Continuous and Rotational Silvopastoral Systems for Established Walnut Plantations 
J. W. Lehmkuhler, M. S. Kerley, H. E. Garrett, R. McGraw, and B. Cutter

Effects of Grazing o­n Tree/Wood Quality in Slash Pine 
Bruce E. Cutter, Kenneth Hunt, and James D. Haywood

Silvopastoral Practices Sustain Forage Production in Commercial Loblolly Pine Plantations 
Terry R. Clason

Use of Goats as Biological Agents for the Renovation of Mountain Pastures 
J-M. Luginbuhl, T E. Harvey, J. T. Green, Jr, M. H. Poore, and J. P. Mueller

The Establishment of Three Leguminous Tree Species for Use in Silvopastoral Systems of the Southeastern U.S.A. 
B. J. Addlestone, J. P. Mueller, and J-M. Luginbuhl

Windbreaks

An Assessment of Windbreaks in Central Wisconsin
C. A. David and V. Rhyner

Wind Protection System Design for Cherry Valley-Springfield School 
John A. Dickerson and Daniel Morgan

Developing Living Snow Fence Practice 
John A. Dickerson and Amanda Barber

Use of Fast Growing Trees to Capture Nitrate from Below the Crop Rooting Zone 
Dean Hively

A Model to Predict the Optical Porosity of Radiata Pine Shelterbelts in New Zealand 
G. C. Horvath, M. A. Carter, and A. Straker

S ESSION 3: FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES
Modeling Interactions

Modeling Light, Water, and Nutrient Allocation in a Silvopastoral System 
P. Mou, A. Mendez-Delgado, J. A. Burger, and C. Feldhake

SAMS (Shelterbelt Agroforestry Modeling System): Present Status and Future Directions 
Carl Mize, William Batchelor, Jim Brandle, Richard Cruse, Mohammed Ghaffarzadeh, Xiaoming Qi, Eugen Takle, and Paul Wray

Biological and Ecological Interactions in a Temperate Intercropping System, o­ntario, Canada 
A. M. Gordon, N. V. Thevathasan, J. A. Simpson, and P. A. Williams

Application of a GIS for Data Management in a Temperate Intercropping System 
G. Richard A. Gray and Andrew M. Gordon

Multi-Purpose Tree Performance

Nitrogen Form and Timing of Application: Effects o­n Black Walnut Fruit Yield Components; under Alley Cropping Management 
Dean Gray and H. E. 'Gene' Garrett

Establishment of Black Locust in Hill Pastures of Its Native Appalachian Range 
C. M. Feldhake and C. M. Schumann

A Review of Mesquite and Leucaena Agroforestry in Southwestern USA 
Peter Felker

Resource Capture

Shade Effects o­n Forage Crops with Potential in Agroforestry Alley-Cropping Systems 
C. H. Lin, R. L. Mcgraw, M. F. George, and H. E. Garrett

Forage Legumes as Living Mulches for Trees in Agroforestry Systems 
J. L. Alley, H. E. Garrett, R. L. McGraw, and J. P. Dwyer

Seasonal Sheep Diets within a Northern Idaho Conifer Plantation 
T. Mbabaliye, J. L Kingery, and J. C. Mosley

Soil, Water and Atmospheric Relations

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Earthworms in a Temperate Intercropping System in Southern o­ntario, Canada 
Gordon W. Price and Andrew M. Gordon

Effects of Juglone (5-hydroxy- 1,4 naphthoquinone) o­n Soil Ammonification and Nitrification
Naresh V. Thevathasan, Andrew M. Gordon, and R. P. Voroney

Carbon Reservoir and Biomass in Canadian Prairie Shelterbelts 
J. Kort and R. Turnock

Evaluating Fundamental Processes

A General Classification of Agroforestry Practice 
Fergus L. Sinclair

Toil, Trouble, and Twiddling Thumbs: The Problem of Experimental Design in Temperate Agroforestry 
W. Terrell Stamps and Marc J. Linit

Don't Forget the Basics: Theory, System Selection and Design 
Paul A. WoJtkowski

SESSION 4: SOCIOECONOMICS
Socioeconomic Viability

Combining the Socio-Economic-Cultural Implications of Community Owned Agroforestry: The Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska 
Marcella Szymanski and Joe Colletti

An Economic Analysis of Market and Non-Market Net Benefits of a Temperate Intercropping System in Southern o­ntario, Canada 
B. J. Dyack, K. Rollins, and A. M. Gordon

The Economics of a Riparian Management System o­n Bear Creek in Central Iowa 
Joe Colletti, Chris Ball, Amy Avant-Kuehl, Richard Schultz, and Tom Isenhart

Economic Potential

Willow Biomass - A Sustainable Multiple Use System 
T. A. Volk, D. J. Robison, L. P. Abrahamson, and E. H. White

Marketing Agroforestry: An Alternative Approach for the 21st Century 
James L. Chamberlain and A. L. Hammett

FIELD TRIPS AND DISCUSSION PANELS
Agroforestry Field Trips

Ithaca Farmers Market, Steamboat Landing, Ithaca, New York 
Presented by Duncan Hilchey

Arnot Teaching and Research Forest, Newfield, New York
Advancing Knowledge and Practice of Woods Cultivated Ginseng Project 
Presented by leaders of component studies; organized by L. Buck

Genetics Field Station, Tully, New York
Wood Biomass-Bioenergy Program
Presented by Field Station personnel; organized by T Volk

Living Snow Fence, Town of Homer, Cortland County, New York 
Presented by Amanda Barber and John Dickerson

Innovative Agroforestry Practice in the Urban-Rural Fringe 
Presented by Brian and Twinkle Caldwell, Carl and Jane North, Peter Duenkelsbuehler;
organized by L. Buck

Discussion Panels

Panel 1: Research Issues and Future Directions 
Panel 2: Policy and Marketing: Challenges and Opportunities 

CONCLUDING COMMENTS
Securing Support for Expanding Agroforestry Research and Practice 
The Honorable Christopher Bond

The Status of Agroforestry in the United States: How Far Have We Come, Where Are We Going? 
W. J. Rietveld

APPENDICES
Organizational Meetings
Participants